Employees in finance and insurance activities earned the highest average annual gross income in Turkey last year

The Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) has announced the results of the "Structure of Earnings Survey" for 2022.

Accordingly, in the study, which used November as a reference, the total monthly paid working hours were 201.3. Monthly paid working hours were 206.3 for men and 191 for women.

The average gross hourly wage-salary was 55.4 liras in total. While paid male employees received an average gross hourly wage-salary of 54.4 liras, women earned 57.4 liras.

The average monthly gross wage-salary per capita was 11 thousand 143 liras in total. While paid male employees received an average monthly gross wage-salary per capita of 11 thousand 233 liras, this figure was calculated as 10 thousand 961 liras for women.

The average monthly earnings per capita were 12 thousand 450 liras in total. The average monthly earnings per capita for paid male employees were 12 thousand 487 liras, while for women, these earnings were recorded as 12 thousand 376 liras.

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROSS EARNINGS WERE 144 THOUSAND 390 LIRAS

Last year, the average annual gross earnings were 144 thousand 390 liras. This value was estimated at 147 thousand 446 liras for men and 138 thousand 366 liras for women.

The earnings of both male and female paid employees generally increased in direct proportion to their level of education. Accordingly, those with a higher education level earned the highest average annual gross income. At this education level, the average annual gross income was 207 thousand 112 liras for men and 171 thousand 568 liras for women.

While those with a higher education level earned the highest average annual gross wage-salary, the salary for men at this education level was 175 thousand 463 liras, and for women, it was 145 thousand 387 liras.

When the gross earnings of paid employees were examined by economic activity sector, it was observed that the highest average annual earnings were in the finance and insurance activities sector with 293 thousand 511 liras. This sector was followed by information and communication with 284 thousand 842 liras, and arts, entertainment, recreation, and sports activities with 229 thousand 108 liras.

The lowest average annual gross earnings were obtained in the accommodation and food service activities sector with 99 thousand 290 liras. This was followed by real estate activities with 102 thousand 109 liras and construction activities with 104 thousand 768 liras.

According to the economic activity classification, the average annual gross earnings of female employees in transportation and storage activities (213 thousand 810 liras), electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning production and distribution (206 thousand 633 liras), and real estate (104 thousand 387 liras) were higher than the average annual gross earnings of male employees in these sectors.

The highest average annual gross earnings were obtained by those in the managers occupational group with 276 thousand 507 liras. This occupational group was followed by professionals with 200 thousand 195 liras. The lowest average annual gross earnings were in the skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers group with 94 thousand 849 liras.

WAGE OR EARNINGS GAP WAS IN FAVOR OF MEN

The gender wage or earnings gap is defined as the percentage ratio of the difference between male and female wages or earnings to the male wage or earnings. This gap indicator was calculated based on the average annual gross wage-salary and average annual gross earnings amounts in the statistics in question. This indicator can also be calculated based on hourly, monthly, or annual average wage-salary or earnings.

Accordingly, the wage or earnings gap was in favor of men at all education levels. For the indicator calculated with average annual gross earnings, the highest gap was 19.6 percent among high school graduates, and the lowest gap was 14.5 percent among primary school and lower graduates. For the indicator calculated with average annual gross wage-salary, the highest gap was 17.1 percent among higher education graduates, and the lowest gap was 12.4 percent, again among primary school and lower graduates.

When average annual gross earnings are considered, the highest gender gap was seen among craft and related trades workers at 22.8 percent, and technicians and associate professionals at 21.4 percent. The lowest gaps were recorded as 4.2 percent for managers and 6.1 percent for service and sales workers.

When average annual gross wage-salary is considered, the highest gender gap was 21.1 percent among professionals and 19.2 percent among technicians and associate professionals. The lowest gap occurred among managers at 4.4 percent, and in the elementary occupations and service and sales workers group at 6.8 percent.

ENTERPRISES WITH AT LEAST ONE PAID EMPLOYEE WERE INCLUDED IN THE SCOPE

Earnings structure statistics have been produced at four-year intervals since 2006, simultaneously with European Union (EU) countries, based on survey data. For the first time, the statistics were produced using administrative records, and all enterprises with at least one paid employee in the B-S (excluding O) sectors according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.2) were included in the scope of the study.

News Source: 12punto