October 23: What happened on this day in history?

1840 - The Ministry of Post and Telegraph was established.

1853 - The Crimean War began.

1911 - During the Italo-Turkish War, Italian Captain Carlo Piazza conducted the first military reconnaissance flight in history over Ottoman trenches in Benghazi. Piazza later also took the first military aerial photograph.

1912 - The Battle of Kumanovo between the Ottoman and Serbian armies began during the First Balkan War.

1915 - In New York, 25,000-30,000 women marched on 5th Avenue for voting rights.

1926 - In the Soviet Union, Leon Trotsky and Grigory Zinoviev were removed from the Central Committee of the Communist Party.

1929 - The continuous decline in stock values on the New York Stock Exchange began to slowly cause panic (the first signs of the Great Depression of 1929).

1946 - The United Nations held its first general meeting in New York.

1965 - President Cemal Gürsel tasked Justice Party Chairman Süleyman Demirel with forming the government.

1972 - In Zonguldak, 20 workers died and 76 were injured in a firedamp explosion at two separate coal mines.

1973 - US President Richard M. Nixon agreed to hand over Oval Office tape recordings related to the Watergate scandal to the court.

1956 - An uprising against Soviet rule began in Hungary. In demonstrations that spread across the country, the insurgents demanded the withdrawal of Soviet troops.

1959 - The 3rd Mediterranean Games held in Beirut concluded. The Turkish national freestyle wrestling team placed first in 8 weight classes and won 13 gold, 8 silver, and 1 bronze medal in the general classification.

1960 - General census: Turkey's population was 27,754,820.

1981 - The Consultative Assembly held its first meeting.

1983 - Suicide attacks were carried out with explosive-laden trucks against American and French Peacekeeping Force headquarters in Beirut. 241 American Marines and 58 French paratroopers died.

1993 - The Lydian Hoard was brought back to Turkey after 28 years.

2011 - A 7.2 magnitude earthquake occurred in Van.