November 19: What happened on this day in history?

1595 - Koca Sinan Pasha was dismissed due to his failure in the Wallachian campaign. Tekeli Lala Mehmed Pasha became the Grand Vizier in his place. However, upon the death of Tekeli Lala Mehmed Pasha on November 29, 1595, he would be reappointed to the position for the fifth and final time on December 1, 1595.

1808 - An uprising broke out in Istanbul led by Kandıralı Mehmed. Nearly five thousand Janissaries and nearly four hundred sekbans were killed.

1863 - Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address after the victory at the Battle of Gettysburg.

1881 - A meteorite fell on the village of Großliebenthal, southwest of Odessa in Ukraine.

1900 - In the United Kingdom, 119 women demanding the right to vote and be elected were arrested for forcibly entering the House of Commons.

1926 - Trotsky and Zinoviev were expelled from the Soviet Union's Politburo.

1938 - Atatürk's body was set off from Istanbul to Ankara with a mournful ceremony.

1941 - The United Kingdom launched an offensive against the Germans and Italians in North Africa.

1942 - The "War Economy Bureau" was established for food, clothing, and fuel.

1942 - World War II: Red Army units on the Eastern Front launched an offensive against the German siege in Stalingrad. (Operation Uranus)

1943 - The 3rd History Congress convened.

1946 - Afghanistan, Iceland, and Sweden became members of the United Nations.

1949 - Istanbul Radio resumed broadcasting in its new building in Harbiye.

1954 - Sammy Davis, Jr. lost his left eye in a traffic accident in San Bernardino, California.

1960 - An amnesty was declared. 15 thousand prisoners and convicts benefited from the amnesty.

1967 - The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) authorized the government to send troops abroad. The Navy was put on alert, and the 28th Division in Ankara moved to İskenderun.

1975 - In İzmir, a man named Halil Fevzi Uyguntürk went to the field where a young woman he wanted to marry worked after she became engaged to someone else, and killed the girl, her mother, and another woman. He was executed during the September 12 period.

1977 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat became the first Arab leader to visit Israel.

1977 - A Boeing 727 belonging to TAP Air Portugal crashed in the Madeira Islands: 130 people died.

1979 - Former parliamentarian and Ortadoğu newspaper writer İlhan Darendelioğlu died in an armed attack in Istanbul.

1984 - UN official Enver Ergun was killed by Armenian attackers in Vienna.

1985 - US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev met for the first time in Geneva.

1988 - Benazir Bhutto was elected Prime Minister in Pakistan.

1990 - The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) convened; the "Charter of Paris" was signed on November 21.

1991 - The 49th Government was formed with a coalition between the True Path Party (DYP) led by Süleyman Demirel and the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) led by Erdal İnönü. Erdal İnönü became Deputy Prime Minister.

1992 - 4 police officers were killed in an attack on a police car in Istanbul. Dev-Sol claimed responsibility for the attack. During the funeral ceremony for the police officers, the slogan "Down with Human Rights" was chanted.

1994 - Halil Mutlu broke 7 world records and won 3 gold medals at the World Weightlifting Championships. Naim Süleymanoğlu broke 5 world records in the 64 kg category and won 3 gold medals, while Fedai Güler broke 2 world records in the 70 kg category and won 2 gold medals.

1997 - In Des Moines, Iowa, Bobbi McCaughey gave birth to septuplets. This was the first case of septuplets where all babies were born alive.

1999 - On the final day of the OSCE Summit in Istanbul, the adapted version of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was signed by the leaders of the parties.

2005 - Haditha massacre: A group of American soldiers killed a group of Iraqi civilians, including many children, women, and the elderly.