Today in History: What happened on October 25? Developments in Turkey and the world on October 25...

1147 - Battle of Dorylaeum: The Seljuk army defeated the Second Crusade army under the command of Conrad III near Eskişehir.

1760 - George III became King of Great Britain.

1854 - During the Crimean War, the Battle of Balaclava was fought between the Russians and the Turkish-British-French allied forces besieging the city of Sevastopol in Crimea. (The battle that inspired English poet Alfred Tennyson's poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade")

1875 - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 was performed for the first time in Boston, Massachusetts. The soloist was Hans von Bülow.

1917 - The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, took full control of the government in Russia (October 25 according to the Julian calendar, November 7 according to the Gregorian calendar).

1935 - Hurricane in Haiti: More than 2,000 people died.

1936 - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini formed the Rome-Berlin Axis.

1937 - Prime Minister İsmet İnönü resigned. On the same day, the government formed by Celâl Bayar was announced.

1946 - The National Freestyle Wrestling Team became European Champions in Sweden.

1955 - The first example of a microwave oven for home use was put on sale by the Tappan company.

1957 - The School of Applied Fine Arts was opened in Istanbul.

1960 - Cuba nationalized all American businesses.

1962 - US Ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson presented photographs of Soviet bases in Cuba to the UN Security Council as evidence.

1984 - The hepatitis virus was discovered.

1984 - A death sentence was carried out for the last time in Turkey. Hıdır Aslan, who was sentenced to death for killing 3 people during a robbery in İzmir, was hanged at Burdur Closed Prison.

1986 - The Kurdistan Popular Liberation Army, a militia force affiliated with the PKK, was established.

1998 - As part of the 75th-anniversary celebrations of the Republic, the 75th Year Republic March was held in 80 provinces and 700 districts. Millions of citizens participated in the marches.

2001 - Microsoft released the Windows XP operating system.

2005 - The printing and distribution of the newspaper Anadolu'da Vakit within the borders of Germany were banned.

2017 - The İYİ Party was founded by Meral Akşener.

2004 - Cuban President Fidel Castro announced that transactions using the US dollar would be banned, effective November 8.