How did we industrialize during the Atatürk era?

In 1931, the preparation of a development plan was initiated for the first time in the world, and the first Industrial Development Plan was prepared for the years 1933-1938, while the 2nd Industrial Development Plan was prepared for the years 1938-1944 under the personal direction of Atatürk. To summarize briefly, the primary goal of the 1st Industrial Development Plan, which was "to ensure that domestic consumer goods, which exist in Turkey but are not produced for consumption and are imported from abroad, are not imported but produced within the country," was achieved. For this purpose, industrial facilities such as the Kayseri, Nazilli, Ereğli, and Bakırköy textile factories, Karabük iron and steel, İzmir paper, Bursa merino, Kütahya ceramics, Paşabahçe glass and bottles, Keçiborlu sulfur, Gemlik artificial silk, İzmit superphosphate, alcohol, rose oil, and cement plants, as well as the Turkish Sugar Factories, the Turkish Grain Board, Sümerbank, and Eti Bank, were established during the 1st Industrial Development Plan period.

The great leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk personally directed the 2nd Industrial Plan, covering the years 1938-1942, one year before his death, while he was ill and under treatment, staying awake until the early hours of the morning and working alongside the Prime Minister and other officials. While on his sickbed, he summoned Prime Minister Celal Bayar to Dolmabahçe Palace and ordered the completion of the unfinished investments from the first plan, mandating that the 20 factories targeted in the first plan and the 100 factories targeted in the second plan be brought to life, and that the railways be expanded. In the first plan, 20 factories were established within 5 years. The factories and investment areas planned in the second plan can be summarized briefly as follows: mining, electricity production, household goods industry, soil and food industries, chemical industry...

In fact, without waiting for the industrial development plan, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk established the İş Bank and the Industrial and Mining Bank in 1924, and in 1929, he regulated and implemented customs tariffs. He ensured the establishment and operation of Securities and Exchange Markets, which we still struggle to regulate according to international norms today. On June 30, 1930, he established the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey and enacted the Law for the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency. In 1931, quotas were placed on imports. In 1933, Sümerbank was established, and laws for the protection of deposits, as well as lending and credit operations, were regulated.

Between 1930 and 1938, a development plan was implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey for the first time in the world. With the first 5-year industrial development plan, the state began to engage in economic activities, and state-led management commenced. Thanks to the economic policy followed by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey remained outside the scope of the 1929 economic crisis and took significant steps toward industrialization. The practice of "state-led planned industrialization" in underdeveloped and developing countries was realized for the first time in Atatürk's Turkey. With this planning, the primary goal in Turkey was to produce essential industrial goods through public enterprises, and the plan was executed using domestic resources without anticipating external funding. While the increase in industrial production in the world was 19% during the 1929-1938 period, it was 96% in Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk made the Republic of Turkey, which he created from nothing, one of the most respected countries in the world, turning it into the world's 11th largest economy and state.